Background Despite high prevalence of psychopathology, the use of mental health services by asylum seekers seems low. Barriers to care may play an important role in this. Aim To explore the barriers in mental health care for adult and adolescent asylum seekers and their care providers in high-income countries. Method A narrative literature review, based on a systematic evaluation of the current scientific literature. Results In a narrative synthesis of the results, we identified the following six categories of barriers: lack of knowledge of the healthcare system, language barriers, discrepant beliefs and expectations of mental healthcare, lack of trust towards authority, and structural difficulties. Conclusion Six thematic barriers were retained. Different interventions are possible to address these barriers. Further research into needs and interventions is recommended, with specific attention to the Belgian and Dutch context.