Effects of vatinoxan in dogs premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol followed by sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomized clinical study

Kati M Salla; Heta A Turunen; Ira J Kallio-Kujala; Vuokko Pekkola; Daniela C Casoni; Jaan Lepajoe; Pia Björkenheim; Marja R Raekallio; Outi Vainio

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2022.08.002

Effects of vatinoxan in dogs premedicated with medetomidine and butorphanol followed by sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomized clinical study

Vet Anaesth Analg. 2022 Nov;49(6):563-571. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.08.002. Epub 2022 Sep 8.

Authors

Kati M Salla¹, Heta A Turunen², Ira J Kallio-Kujala³, Vuokko Pekkola³, Daniela C Casoni⁴, Jaan Lepajoe³, Pia Björkenheim³, Marja R Raekallio³, Outi Vainio³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: kati.salla@helsinki.fi.
² Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Vetcare Ltd, Mäntsälä, Finland.
³ Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
⁴ Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Experimental Surgery Facility, Department for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

PMID: 36115767
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.08.002

Abstract

Objective: To investigate effects of vatinoxan in dogs, when administered as intravenous (IV) premedication with medetomidine and butorphanol before anaesthesia for surgical castration.

Study design: A randomized, controlled, blinded, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 28 client-owned dogs.

Methods: Dogs were premedicated with medetomidine (0.125 mg m^-2) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg^-1) (group MB; n = 14), or medetomidine (0.25 mg m^-2), butorphanol (0.2 mg kg^-1) and vatinoxan (5 mg m^-2) (group MB-VATI; n = 14). Anaesthesia was induced 15 minutes later with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen (targeting 1.3%). Before surgical incision, lidocaine (2 mg kg^-1) was injected intratesticularly. At the end of the procedure, meloxicam (0.2 mg kg^-1) was administered IV. The level of sedation, the qualities of induction, intubation and recovery, and Glasgow Composite Pain Scale short form (GCPS-SF) were assessed. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f_R), mean arterial pressure (MAP), end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane (Fe'Sevo) and carbon dioxide (Pe'CO₂) were recorded. Blood samples were collected at 10 and 30 minutes after premedication for plasma medetomidine and butorphanol concentrations.

Results: At the beginning of surgery, HR was 61 ± 16 and 93 ± 23 beats minute^-1 (p = 0.001), and MAP was 78 ± 7 and 56 ± 7 mmHg (p = 0.001) in MB and MB-VATI groups, respectively. No differences were detected in f_R, Pe'CO₂, Fe'Sevo, the level of sedation, the qualities of induction, intubation and recovery, or in GCPS-SF. Plasma medetomidine concentrations were higher in group MB-VATI than in MB at 10 minutes (p = 0.002) and 30 minutes (p = 0.0001). Plasma butorphanol concentrations were not different between groups.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: In group MB, HR was significantly lower than in group MB-VATI. Hypotension detected in group MB-VATI during sevoflurane anaesthesia was clinically the most significant difference between groups.

Keywords: anaesthesia; butorphanol; dog; medetomidine; sevoflurane; vatinoxan.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary

MeSH terms

Anesthesia* / veterinary
Animals
Butorphanol / pharmacology
Carbon Dioxide / pharmacology
Dogs
Heart Rate
Hypnotics and Sedatives / pharmacology
Medetomidine* / pharmacology
Sevoflurane / pharmacology

Substances

Medetomidine
Butorphanol
Sevoflurane
vatinoxan
Carbon Dioxide
Hypnotics and Sedatives