Dietary crude protein concentrations, feed grains, and whey protein interactively influence apparent digestibility coefficients of amino acids, protein, starch, and performance of broiler chickens

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the impacts of dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations (220 and 180 g/kg) in either maize- or wheat-based diets, without or with 25 g/kg inclusions of whey powder (WP) concentrate on performance parameters and apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients in broiler chickens. The maize and wheat used in this study had CP levels of 84 and 119 g/kg, respectively. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial array of 8 dietary treatments was offered to a total of 336 off-sex, male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 35 d post-hatch with 7 replicate cages (6 birds per cage) per treatment. A treatment interaction (P = 0.016) between dietary CP and feed grains was detected for weight gains, where birds offered 180 g/kg maize-based diets displayed a weight gain advantage of 6.74% (2,628 vs. 2,462 g/bird) compared to their wheat-based counterparts. An interaction (P = 0.022) between feed grains and whey protein was observed for FCR as the addition of WP to maize-based diets improved FCR by 3.45% (1.314 vs. 1.361), but compromised FCR in wheat-based diets by 2.98% (1.415 vs. 1.374). A treatment interaction (P = 0.038) between dietary CP and feed grains was recorded for relative abdominal fat-pad weights weight gains as birds offered 180 g/kg CP maize-based diets had 43.4% (11.17 vs. 7.79 g/kg) heavier fat-pads than their wheat-based counterparts. Following the reduction in dietary-CP, apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients were depressed to greater extents in wheat-based diets. However, significant interactions between CP and feed grains were found in 14 of the 16 amino acids assessed and significant interactions between CP and WP were observed for 15 amino acids. Maize was the more suitable feed grain in terms of weight gain and FCR in 180 g/kg CP diets despite causing greater fat deposition. The inclusion of WP in reduced-CP diets did not enhance bird performance. Data generated indicate concentrations of microbial amino acids in distal ileal digesta were depressing apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients, which was more evident in wheat-based diets. Higher gut viscosities in birds offered wheat-based diets may have facilitated the proliferation of microbiota along the small intestine.

Keywords: amino acids; apparent digestibilities; crude protein; feed grains; whey protein.