Are nocturnal hypoglycemia prevention strategies influenced by diabetes technology usage? A BETTER registry analysis

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022 Sep:191:110080. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110080. Epub 2022 Sep 12.

Abstract

Aim: To assess the association of nocturnal hypoglycemia prevention strategies (NH-PS) and diabetes technology usage (insulin pump and/or continuous glucose monitors [CGM]) in people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D).

Methods: Logistic regression models were used to describe associations between self-reported NH-PS and diabetes technology (pump with intermittently-scanned or real-time CGM (isCGM or rtCGM), or automated insulin delivery (AID)), hypoglycemia history, and fear of hypoglycemia (FOH).

Results: Among 831 adults (65 % female, aged 44 ± 15 years, T1D duration 26 ± 15 years), 32 % reported HbA1c ≤ 7.0 %, 88 % used ≥ 1 diabetes technology, 66 % reported ≥ 1 symptomatic NH in the past month, and 64 % used ≥ 2 NH-PS. Compared to multiple daily injections (MDI) + capillary blood glucose (CBG), bedtime snack consumption was less likely among pump + isCGM (OR [95 %CI]: 0.55 [0.31, 0.98]), pump + rtCGM (0.40 [0.20, 0.81]), and AID (0.34 [0.17, 0.66]) users, while evening insulin basal reduction was associated with CSII + CBG (3.15 [1.25, 7.99]), pump + isCGM 4.00 [1.99, 8.01]), and pump + rtCGM 2.89 [1.28, 6.50] use. Elevated FOH was associated with snack consumption (1.37 [1.00, 1.89]), evening bolus insulin avoidance (1.77 [1.11, 2.83]), limiting exercise (2.50 [1.30, 4.82]), and limiting alcohol consumption (2.33 [1.15, 4.70]) as NH-PS.

Conclusion: Technology use and elevated FOH might influence PWT1D' choice of NH-PS.

Keywords: Continuous glucose monitoring; Insulin pump; Nocturnal hypoglycemia; Prevention strategies; Type 1 diabetes.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Blood Glucose
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / drug therapy
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemia* / prevention & control
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Insulin / therapeutic use
  • Insulin Infusion Systems
  • Insulin, Regular, Human / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Registries
  • Technology

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Glycated Hemoglobin
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin
  • Insulin, Regular, Human