Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME) perpetuate inflammation by mediating the release of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. However, not only are the actions of GSDMD in colitis still controversial, but its interplay with GSDME in the pathogenesis of this disease has not been investigated. We sought to fill these knowledge gaps using the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) experimental mouse colitis model. DSS ingestion by wild-type mice caused body weight loss as the result of severe gut inflammation, outcomes that were significantly attenuated in Gsdmd -/- or Gsdme -/- mice and nearly fully prevented in Gsdmd -/- ;Gsdme -/- animals. To assess the translational implications of these findings, we tested the efficacy of the active metabolite of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved disulfiram, which inhibits GSDMD and GSDME function. The severe DSS-induced gut toxicity was significantly decreased in mice treated with the inhibitor. Collectively, our findings indicate that disruption of the function of both GSDMD and GSDME is necessary to achieve maximal therapeutic effect in colitis.
Keywords: AIM2,, absent in melanoma 2; ASC,, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; CD,, Crohn disease; Colitis; CuET,, bis(diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper; DSS; DSS,, dextran sodium sulfate; Disulfiram; GREM1,, gremlin 1; GSDMD; GSDMD,, gasdermin D; GSDME; GSDME,, gasderminE; IBD,, inflammatory bowel disease; IL-1R1,, IL-1 receptor 1; IL-1β,, interleukin-1β; Inflammation; NLRC4,, NLR family, CARD domain containing 4; NLRP3,, NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; RSPO3,, R-spondin 3; TNBS,, 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid; UC,, ulcerative colitis; cGAS,, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase.
© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.