Trend of Malaria Burden Among Residents of Kisii County, Kenya After More Than a Decade Usage of Artemisinin Combined Therapies, 11-Year Laboratory Based Retrospective Study

Josephat Nyabayo Maniga; Mong'are Samuel; Masai Rael; John Odda; Odoki Martin; Ibrahim Ntulume; Pacifica Bwogo; Wilberforce Mfitundinda; Saheed Adekunle Akinola

doi:10.2147/IDR.S370218

Trend of Malaria Burden Among Residents of Kisii County, Kenya After More Than a Decade Usage of Artemisinin Combined Therapies, 11-Year Laboratory Based Retrospective Study

Infect Drug Resist. 2022 Sep 6:15:5221-5232. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S370218. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Josephat Nyabayo Maniga^{1

2

3}, Mong'are Samuel⁴, Masai Rael¹, John Odda^{5

6}, Odoki Martin^{2

3}, Ibrahim Ntulume^{2

7}, Pacifica Bwogo¹, Wilberforce Mfitundinda³, Saheed Adekunle Akinola^{2

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya.
² Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
³ College of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda.
⁴ School of Health Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya.
⁵ School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
⁶ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
⁷ School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
⁸ Department of Clinical Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda.

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a major vector borne disease globally, with the majority of the casualties reported in Africa. Despite this fact, there is drastic reduction in malaria infection using Artemisinin combined therapies (ACTs). Malaria is characterized by significant inconsistency in different geographical locations due to different confounding factors. There is need to identify zone-specific malaria trends and interventions to completely eliminate the disease. Thus the study was aimed at assessing the 11-year trend of microscopically confirmed malaria cases in Kisii County, Kenya, so as to devise area-specific evidence-based interventions, informed decisions, and to track the effectiveness of malaria control programs.

Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out to determine 11-year malaria trend rates centered on the admission and laboratory records from health facilities located at four Sub-Counties in Kisii County, Kenya. Parasitological positivity rates of malaria were determined by comparing with the register records in health facilities which recorded confirmed malaria cases with the total number of monthly admissions over the entire year. Data was analyzed by using descriptive tools and chi-square test.

Results: There were 36,946 suspect cases, with 8449 (22.8%) confirmed malaria cases reported in this study. The overall malaria slide positivity rate over the last 11 years in the study area was 22.6%. The months of April and August showed the largest number of malaria cases (63%). The age group of ≥18 years contained the most positive confirmed cases, having a prevalence rate of 2953 (35.45%). Out of the confirmed malaria cases, 2379 (28.1%) were males and 6070 (71.9%) were females The highest malaria prevalence rate was recorded in 2014, with Marani Sub-County recording the highest positivity rate of 37.94%.

Conclusion: From the observed trends, malaria prevalence and transmission still remains stable in the study area. Thus more interventions need to be scaled up.

Keywords: ACTs; artemisinin combined therapies; malaria burden; retrospective.