Autologous Protein Solution processing alters lymphoid and myeloid cell populations and modulates gene expression dependent on cell type

Alexis N Peña; Sven D Sommerfeld; Amy E Anderson; Jin Han; David R Maestas Jr; Joscelyn C Mejias; Jennifer Woodell-May; William King; Sudipto Ganguly; Jennifer H Elisseeff

doi:10.1186/s13075-022-02875-x

Autologous Protein Solution processing alters lymphoid and myeloid cell populations and modulates gene expression dependent on cell type

Arthritis Res Ther. 2022 Sep 12;24(1):221. doi: 10.1186/s13075-022-02875-x.

Authors

Alexis N Peña^#^{1

2

3}, Sven D Sommerfeld^#^{1

3}, Amy E Anderson^{1

4}, Jin Han^{1

3}, David R Maestas Jr^{1

2

3}, Joscelyn C Mejias^{1

3}, Jennifer Woodell-May⁵, William King⁵, Sudipto Ganguly^{6

7}, Jennifer H Elisseeff^{8

9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Smith Building 5th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
² Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³ Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁴ Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁵ Zimmer Biomet, 56 East Bell Drive, Warsaw, IN, 46581, USA.
⁶ Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁷ Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁸ Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Smith Building 5th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. jhe@jhu.edu.
⁹ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. jhe@jhu.edu.
¹⁰ Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. jhe@jhu.edu.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease associated with cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, and fibrillation. Autologous Protein Solution (APS), a type of autologous anti-inflammatory orthobiologic, is used for pain management and treatment of OA. Various compositions of autologous PRP formulations are in clinical use for musculoskeletal pathologies, by nature of their minimal processing and source of bioactive molecules. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal composition of the complex mixture. In this study, we focused on elucidating the immune cell subtypes and phenotypes in APS. We identified the immune cell types in APS from healthy donors and investigated phenotypic changes in the immune cells after APS processing. Based on flow cytometric analysis, we found that neutrophils and T cells are the most abundant immune cell types in APS, while monocytes experience the largest fold change in concentration compared to WBCs. Gene expression profiling revealed that APS processing results in differential gene expression changes dependent on immune cell type, with the most significantly differentially regulated genes occurring in the monocytes. Our results demonstrate that the mechanical processing of blood, whose main purpose is enrichment and separation, can alter its protein and cellular composition, as well as cellular phenotypes in the final product.

Keywords: Autologous cell-based therapies; Blood derivative; Cytokines; Growth factors; Injection; Knee osteoarthritis; Platelets.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use
Gene Expression
Humans
Leukocytes
Monocytes
Osteoarthritis* / pathology

Substances

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding