V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1): A potential target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Jayvadan Vaishnav; Farheen Khan; Madhu Yadav; Nishant Parmar; Hiteshree Buch; Shahnawaz D Jadeja; Mitesh Dwivedi; Rasheedunnisa Begum

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152274

V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1): A potential target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Immunobiology. 2022 Nov;227(6):152274. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152274. Epub 2022 Sep 6.

Authors

Jayvadan Vaishnav¹, Farheen Khan¹, Madhu Yadav¹, Nishant Parmar¹, Hiteshree Buch¹, Shahnawaz D Jadeja¹, Mitesh Dwivedi², Rasheedunnisa Begum³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
² Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India; C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India.
³ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: rasheedunnisab@yahoo.co.in.

PMID: 36095871
DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152274

Abstract

Autoimmunity eventuates when the immune system attacks self-molecules as a result of the breakdown in immune tolerance. Targeting autoimmune diseases via immunomodulation has become an essential strategy in today's era. A B7 superfamily member immune checkpoint, the V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1), also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and B7x, is involved in negatively regulating T-cell activation. VTCN1 transcript has been reported in various lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, but its protein expression is restricted, indicating its translational regulation. Dysregulation of VTCN1 has resulted in the exacerbation of various autoimmune diseases. Moreover, increased soluble form of VTCN1 in the patient's sera positively correlates with the disease progression and severity. The current review summarizes all the reports till date, unfolding the role of VTCN1 in various autoimmune diseases and its therapeutic potential.

Keywords: Autoimmune diseases; Autoimmunity; B7-H4; Immune checkpoint; Negative co-stimulation; T cell activation; V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1).

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Autoimmune Diseases* / metabolism
Autoimmune Diseases* / therapy
Autoimmunity
Humans
Lymphocyte Activation
T-Lymphocytes
V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1* / metabolism

Substances

V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1
VTCN1 protein, human