Magnetic Control of Cells by Chemical Fabrication of Melanin

J Am Chem Soc. 2022 Sep 21;144(37):16720-16725. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c06555. Epub 2022 Sep 12.

Abstract

Melanin is an organic material biosynthesized from tyrosine in pigment-producing cells. The present study reports a simple method to generate tailored functional materials in mammalian cells by chemically fabricating intracellular melanin. Our approach exploits synthetic tyrosine derivatives to hijack the melanin biosynthesis pathway in pigment-producing cells. Its application was exemplified by synthesizing and using a paramagnetic tyrosine derivative, m-YR, which endowed melanoma cells with responsiveness to external magnetic fields. The mechanical force generated by the magnet-responsive melanin forced the cells to elongate and align parallel to the magnetic power lines. Critically, even non-pigment cells were similarly remote-controlled by external magnetic fields once engineered to express tyrosinase and treated with m-YR, suggesting the versatility of the approach. The present methodology may potentially provide a new avenue for mechanobiology and magnetogenetic studies and a framework for magnetic control of specific cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Magnetic Phenomena
  • Mammals / metabolism
  • Melanins* / metabolism
  • Monophenol Monooxygenase* / metabolism
  • Tyrosine / metabolism

Substances

  • Melanins
  • Tyrosine
  • Monophenol Monooxygenase