Magnitude and associated factors of latent tuberculosis infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex among high-risk groups in urban Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

Diakourga Arthur Djibougou; Gloria Ivy Mensah; Tani Sagna; Leon Tinoaga Sawadogo; Arsène Kiswensida Ouedraogo; Antoinette Kabore; Hervé Hien; Clément Ziemlé Meda; Adjima Combary; Adrien Marie-Gaston Belem; Kennedy Kwasi Addo; Roch Konbobr Dabiré; Matthieu Perreau; Jakob Zinsstag; Serge Potiandi Diagbouga

doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.05.004

Magnitude and associated factors of latent tuberculosis infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex among high-risk groups in urban Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

IJID Reg. 2022 May 14:4:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.05.004. eCollection 2022 Sep.

Authors

Diakourga Arthur Djibougou^{1

2}, Gloria Ivy Mensah³, Tani Sagna⁴, Leon Tinoaga Sawadogo⁵, Arsène Kiswensida Ouedraogo², Antoinette Kabore², Hervé Hien^{2

4}, Clément Ziemlé Meda^{2

6}, Adjima Combary⁵, Adrien Marie-Gaston Belem¹, Kennedy Kwasi Addo³, Roch Konbobr Dabiré⁴, Matthieu Perreau⁷, Jakob Zinsstag⁸, Serge Potiandi Diagbouga⁴

Affiliations

¹ Ecole Doctorale Sciences Naturelle et Agronomie, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
² Programme des Maladies Infectieuse, Centre MURAZ/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
³ Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
⁴ Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
⁵ Programme National Tuberculose, Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
⁶ Institut Superieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
⁷ Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
⁸ Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among three high-risk groups - household contacts of TB index cases, healthcare workers and slaughterhouse workers - in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Methods: Participants were recruited to this cross-sectional study from March to July 2020 after giving informed consent. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test (QFT-Plus) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) were used for detection of LTBI. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for LTBI.

Results: The prevalence of LTBI among 101 participants (age range 15-68 years) was 67.33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 57.27-76.33] and 84.16% (95% CI 75.55-90.66) based on QFT-Plus and TST results, respectively. Compared with healthcare workers and household contacts of TB index cases, the prevalence of LTBI among slaughterhouse workers was significantly higher for both QTF-Plus (96.8%; P<0.001) and TST (100%; P=0.003). Working in a slaughterhouse [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.095, 95% CI 1.00-2.036], smoking (AOR 4.214, 95% CI 1.051-16.899), ≥15 years of exposure (AOR 5.617, 95% CI 1.202-32.198), having an animal at home (AOR 2.735, 95% CI 1.102-6.789) and protozoal infection (AOR 2.591, 95% CI 1.034-6.491) were significantly associated with LTBI on the QFT-Plus assay.

Conclusion: The prevalence of LTBI was high in all three groups, particularly slaughterhouse workers. The risk factors identified could form the basis of targeted intervention.

Keywords: Burkina Faso; Interferon-gamma release assay; Latent tuberculosis infection; Magnitude; One Health; TB high-risk groups; Tuberculin skin test.