Objective diagnosis of ADHD through movement analysis by using a smart chair with piezoelectric material

Tung-Ming Chang; Rong-Ching Wu; Rei-Cheng Yang; Ching-Tai Chiang; Yi-Hung Chiu; Chen-Sen Ouyang; Yun-Ming Wang; Ming-Hsu Wu; Guang-Chung Lin; Lung-Chang Lin

doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.007

Objective diagnosis of ADHD through movement analysis by using a smart chair with piezoelectric material

Pediatr Neonatol. 2023 Jan;64(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.007. Epub 2022 Aug 24.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric Neurology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
² Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
³ Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Computer and Communication, National Pingtung University, Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.
⁷ Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan. Electronic address: lclin@kmu.edu.tw.

PMID: 36089537
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.06.007

Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in schoolchildren. ADHD diagnoses are generally made based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The diagnosis is made clinically based on observation and information provided by parents and teachers, which is highly subjective and can lead to disparate results. Considering that hyperactivity is one of the main symptoms of ADHD, the inaccuracy of ADHD diagnosis based on subjective criteria necessitates the identification of a method to objectively diagnose ADHD.

Methods: In this study, a medical chair containing a piezoelectric material was applied to objectively analyze movements of patients with ADHD, which were compared with those of patients without ADHD. This study enrolled 62 patients-31 patients with ADHD and 31 patients without ADHD. During the clinical evaluation, participants' movements were recorded by the piezoelectric material for analysis. The variance, zero-crossing rate, and high energy rate of movements were subsequently analyzed.

Results: The results revealed that the variance, zero-crossing rate, and high energy rate were significantly higher in patients with ADHD than in those without ADHD. Classification performance was excellent in both groups, with the area under the curve as high as 98.00%.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the use of a smart chair equipped with piezoelectric material is an objective and potentially useful method for supporting the diagnosis of ADHD.

Keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; piezoelectric material; smart chair.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* / diagnosis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* / psychology
Child
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Humans
Parents