A randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial for the evaluation of green coffee extract on immune health in healthy adults

Jeyaparthasarathy Narayanaperumal; Avin D'souza; Amarnath Miriyala; Bhavna Sharma; Ganesh Gopal

doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.01.007

A randomized double blinded placebo controlled clinical trial for the evaluation of green coffee extract on immune health in healthy adults

J Tradit Complement Med. 2022 Feb 2;12(5):455-465. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.01.007. eCollection 2022 Sep.

Authors

Jeyaparthasarathy Narayanaperumal¹, Avin D'souza¹, Amarnath Miriyala¹, Bhavna Sharma², Ganesh Gopal¹

Affiliations

¹ ITC Limited - Corporate Division, Life Sciences & Technology Centre, #3, 1st Main, Peenya Industrial Area, Phase I, Bangalore, 560 058, India.
² ITC Limited - Foods Division, ITC Green Centre, No. 18 Banaswadi, Main Road, Maruthiseva Nagar, Bangalore, 560 005, India.

Abstract

Background: The immune system functions to protect the host from a broad array of infectious diseases. Here, we evaluated the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of green coffee extract (GCE), and conducted a double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled trial among apparently healthy individuals.

Methods: We determined the levels and functions of inflammatory and immune markers viz., phospho-NF-κB p65 ser536, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, TH1/TH2 cytokines and IgG production. We also evaluated several immunological markers such as total leukocyte counts, differential leukocyte counts, NK cell activity, CD4/CD8 ratio, serum immunoglobulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α).

Results and conclusion: GCE significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB p65 ser536 phosphorylation, MCP-1-induced chemotaxis and significantly enhanced phagocytosis and IgG production. In addition, GCE modulated PMA/PHA-induced TH1/TH2 cytokine production. Clinical investigations suggested that the expression of CD56 and CD16 was markedly augmented on NK cells following GCE treatment. GCE significantly enhanced IgA production before and after influenza vaccination. Similarly, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP levels were significantly inhibited by GCE. Together, GCE confers several salubrious immunomodulatory effects at different levels attributing to optimal functioning of immune responses in the host.

Taxonomy: Cell biology, Clinical study, Clinical Trial.

Keywords: CA, Chlorogenic Acid; CD, Cluster of Differentiation; Cell mediated immune response; DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid; GCE, Green Coffee Extract; Green coffee extract; Humoral immune response; IFN, Interferon; IL, Interleukins; Ig, Immunoglobulin; Immunity; Inflammation; Innate immune response; LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; MCP-1, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein; NF-κB, Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NK cell, Natural Killer Cell; PHA, Phytohemagglutinin; PMA, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; TH, T Helper cell; TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor.