Mussels represent about one-third of all aquaculture products sold in the European Union. Theoretically, mussel production should be an environmentally friendly and sustainable activity (0.252 kg CO2 eq. per 1 kg of mussel produced against over 20 kg CO2 eq. per 1 kg of beef produced) but the abandoned plastic "socks" on the seabed and along beaches represent a significant environmental problem. The recovery and recycling of those polymer materials represents the proper management of the waste issue due to mussel farming. This study was performed to investigate, for the first time, the roles of the chemical oxidation actions on the detachment (and destruction) of organic matter (biofilm in particular) from the surface of the polypropylene "socks" used in sea farms in order to recover the polymer material and recycle it. In the experiments, oxidation by H2O2 and HNO3 was performed on the studied samples. The effects of the particle size of the fragments, oxidant concentration, agitation time and ultrasound application were determined. FTIR spectra and tensile mechanical properties of the samples after treatment were measured and compared with the virgin polymer material. The biodiversity and structure of the plastic-associated biofilm was also determined before and after the oxidation process. Based on the results of the characterization of the recovered polymer material, a process scheme was designed. The application of the developed process could significantly reduce the environmental risk associated with used mussel socks. The One LIFE (the EU's funding instrument for the environment and climate action) Project was recently founded based on this research.
Keywords: circular economy; life MUSCLES; mussel farms; mussel nets; polypropylene.