CaCO3 loaded lipid microspheres prepared by the solid-in-oil-in-water emulsions technique with propylene glycol alginate and xanthan gum

Gongwei Li; Yicong Zhao; Jie Zhang; Jia Hao; Duoxia Xu; Yanping Cao

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.961326

CaCO₃ loaded lipid microspheres prepared by the solid-in-oil-in-water emulsions technique with propylene glycol alginate and xanthan gum

Front Nutr. 2022 Aug 22:9:961326. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.961326. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Gongwei Li¹, Yicong Zhao¹, Jie Zhang¹, Jia Hao¹, Duoxia Xu¹, Yanping Cao¹

Affiliation

¹ Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is difficult to deliver in food matrices due to its poor solubility. In this work, CaCO₃ powders were encapsulated into Solid-in-Oil-in-Water (S/O/W) emulsions to fabricate delivery systems. The impact of the concentrations of propylene glycol alginate and Xanthan gum (PGA-XG) complexes on the physical stability and structural characteristics of S/O/W calcium-lipid emulsions microspheres were studied. The S/O/W calcium-lipid emulsions were characterized by the particle size, zeta potential, physical stability, and apparent viscosity. The S/O/W calcium-lipid emulsion has higher physical stability (including 6-week storage at 4°C), smaller mean particle size (7.60 ± 1.10 μm), and higher negative zeta-potential (45.91 ± 0.97 mV) when the concentration of PGA-XG complexes was 0.8 wt%. Moreover, Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed that the CaCO₃ powders were encapsulated in the O phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that S/O/W calcium-lipid emulsion was spherical. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis further confirmed that CaCO₃ was loaded in the S/O/W calcium-lipid emulsion as an amorphous state. The formation mechanism of S/O/W calcium-lipid microspheres was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectrum analysis. This study provided new ideas that accelerate the creation of a novel type of calcium preparation with higher quality utilization.

Keywords: CaCO3; S/O/W calcium-lipid emulsions; interaction; physical stability; propylene glycol alginate (PGA); structural characteristic; xanthan gum (XG).