Acute myeloid leukaemia is a rare cancer, with about 3000 cases diagnosed each year in the UK. Diagnosis is based on patient history, blood and bone marrow tests and, in some cases, imaging. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia, with eligible patients also undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which can be curative. However, patients must be carefully evaluated by the multidisciplinary team before they are put forward for transplant to ensure they are able to tolerate the conditioning therapy required. Improvements in transplant technology have increased donor availability and reduced transplant toxicity. At the same time, greater understanding of the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of acute myeloid leukaemia have helped to ensure that patients receive treatment that gives them the best chance of survival. A recent roundtable discussion considered how current diagnostic and treatment pathways might be adapted or enhanced to leverage good outcomes for the greatest numbers of patients.
Keywords: AML; Acute myeloid leukaemia; Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Chemotherapy; Molecular genetics.