Chlorite-Oxidized Oxyamylose (COAM) Has Antibacterial Activity and Positively Affects Skin Wound Healing

Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira; Estefania Ugarte-Berzal; Jennifer Vandooren; Karin Nylander; Erik Martens; Lieve Van Mellaert; Jo Van Damme; Jan Jeroen Vranckx; Patrick Matthys; Tiina Alamäe; Mia Phillipson; Triinu Visnapuu; Ghislain Opdenakker

doi:10.2147/JIR.S375487

Chlorite-Oxidized Oxyamylose (COAM) Has Antibacterial Activity and Positively Affects Skin Wound Healing

J Inflamm Res. 2022 Aug 30:15:4995-5008. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S375487. eCollection 2022.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
² Department of Medical Cell Biology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
³ Department of Development & Regeneration & Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴ Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Abstract

Purpose: To verify the antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of the amylose derivative - chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM) - in a skin wound setting.

Methods: In vitro antibacterial effects of COAM against opportunistic bacterial pathogens common to skin wounds, including Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), were determined by cultivation methods. The effects of COAM on myeloid cell infiltration into full thickness skin wounds were investigated in wild-type and in transgenic CX₃CR1-GFP mice.

Results: On the basis of in vitro experiments, an antibacterial effect of COAM against Staphylococcus species including MRSA was confirmed. The minimum inhibitory concentration of COAM was determined as 2000 µg/mL against these bacterial strains. Control full thickness skin wounds yielded maximal neutrophil influxes and no additive effect on neutrophil influx was observed following topical COAM-treatment. However, COAM administration increased local CX₃CR1 macrophage counts at days 3 and 4 and induced a trend towards better wound healing.

Conclusion: Aside from its known broad antiviral impact, COAM possesses in vitro antibacterial effects specifically against Gram-positive opportunistic pathogens of the skin and modulates in vivo macrophage contents in mouse skin wounds.

Keywords: Staphylococcus; amylose derivative; antimicrobial; macrophages; neutrophils; wound healing.

Grants and funding

The present study was supported by the Rega Foundation, the Fund for Scientific Research of Flanders (FWO – Vlaanderen, G0A5716N) and C1 Funding from KU Leuven. The microbiology studies were partly funded by the Estonian Research Council (grant PUT1050 to TA) and University of Tartu Feasibility Fund (grant PLTMRARENG1 to TV).