Associations between urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in smokers

Nicolas Sambiagio; Aurélie Berthet; Pascal Wild; Jean-Jacques Sauvain; Reto Auer; Anna Schoeni; Nicolas Rodondi; Martin Feller; Jean-Paul Humair; Ivan Berlin; Florian Breider; Dominique Grandjean; Nancy B Hopf

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158361

Associations between urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in smokers

Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 15:852:158361. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158361. Epub 2022 Sep 2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: nicolas.sambiagio@unisante.ch.
² Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: aurelie.berthet@unisante.ch.
³ Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: pascal@pw-statistical-consulting.eu.
⁴ Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: jeanjacques.sauvain@unisante.ch.
⁵ Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: reto.auer@biham.unibe.ch.
⁶ Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: anna.schoeni@biham.unibe.ch.
⁷ Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: nicolas.rodondi@biham.unibe.ch.
⁸ Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
⁹ Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: jean-paul.humair@hcuge.ch.
¹⁰ Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: ivan.berlin@aphp.fr.
¹¹ Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. Electronic address: florian.breider@epfl.ch.
¹² Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. Electronic address: dominique.grandjean@epfl.ch.
¹³ Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: nancy.hopf@unisante.ch.

PMID: 36058322
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158361

Abstract

Oxidative stress can contribute to the development of diseases, and may originate from exposures to toxicants commonly found in air pollution and cigarette smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Yet, associations between these exposures and oxidative stress biomarkers are poorly characterized. We report here novel associations between 14 exposure biomarkers of PAHs and VOCs, and two oxidative stress biomarkers; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-isoprostaglandin F_2α (8-isoprostane) in urine obtained from smokers participating in an ongoing clinical study (ESTxENDS, NCT03589989). We also assessed associations between six biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure (metabolites of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs)) and both oxidative stress biomarkers. We then quantified the relative importance of each family of the 20 exposure biomarkers on oxidative stress. Participating smokers (153 men and 117 women, median age 44 years) had on average smoked 25 [2-62] years and smoked about 17 [5-40] cigarettes per day at the time of the study. Multiple linear regression results showed an association between 8-oxodG concentrations and the following metabolites in decreasing relative importance: PAHs (beta coefficient β = 0.105, p-value <0.001, partial R² = 0.15) > VOCs (β = 0.028, p < 0.001, partial R² = 0.09) > nicotine (β = 0.226, p < 0.001, partial R² = 0.08); and between 8-isoprostane concentrations and metabolites of PAHs (β = 0.117, p < 0.001, partial R² = 0.14) > VOCs (β = 0.040, p < 0.001, partial R² = 0.14) > TSNAs (β = 0.202, p = 0.003, partial R² = 0.09) > nicotine (β = 0.266, p < 0.001, partial R² = 0.08). Behavioral factors known to contribute to oxidative stress, including sleep quality, physical activity, and alcohol consumption, did not play a significant role. Exposures to PAHs and VOCs among smokers were significantly associated with oxidative stress.

Keywords: Air pollution; Biomonitoring; Oxidative stress biomarkers; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Tobacco smoke exposure; Volatile organic compounds.

Publication types

Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine
Adult
Biomarkers / urine
Female
Humans
Male
Nicotine / analysis
Nitrosamines* / urine
Oxidative Stress
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons* / analysis
Smokers
Tobacco Smoke Pollution* / analysis
Volatile Organic Compounds* / analysis

Substances

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine
Biomarkers
Nicotine
Nitrosamines
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Volatile Organic Compounds