What role does pyroptosis play in cancer?

Abstract

Background: Pyroptosis has been attracting much attention recently. We have briefly compared its differences and similarities with other programmed deaths and the process of its study. With further exploration of the caspase family, including caspase-1/3/4/5/8/11, new insights into the molecular pathways of action of pyroptosis have been gained. It is also closely related to the development of many cancers, which at the same time provides us with new ideas for the treatment of cancer.

Scope of review: We describe what is known regarding the impact of pyroptosis on anticancer immunity and give insight into the potential of harnessing pyroptosis as a tool and applying it to novel or existing anticancer strategies.

Major conclusions: Pyroptosis, a caspase-dependent cell death, causes pore formation, cell swelling, rupture of the plasma membrane, and release of all intracellular contents. The role of pyroptosis in cancer is an extremely complex issue. There is growing evidence that tumor pyroptosis has anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles. It should be discussed in different cancer periods according to the characteristics of cancer occurrence and development. In cancer treatment, pyroptosis provides us with some potential new targets. For the existing drugs, the study of pyroptosis also helps us make better use of existing drugs for anticancer treatment. Immunotherapy is a hot research direction in the field of cancer treatment.

Keywords: Cancer; Caspase; Gasdermin; Pyroptosis.