Enhanced Uptake and Retention of 0.03% Bimatoprost, 0.5% 5-Fluorouracil, and 5% Minoxidil After 1,550-nm or 1,927-nm Nonablative Laser Pretreatment

Abstract

Background: Laser pretreatment with cosmeceutical topicals is growing in popularity. However, lasers may also enhance the uptake of medical topicals that treat dermatologic conditions, such as vitiligo, alopecia, and cancerous and precancerous lesions. Permeation of these topicals must be quantified to optimize treatment protocols.

Objective: To analyze transdermal uptake of 3 topicals after nonablative fractional 1,550-nm erbium-doped glass or 1,927-nm thulium fiber laser pretreatment.

Methods and materials: Human donor tissue was pretreated with a nonablative fractional 1,550-nm erbium-doped glass or 1,927-nm thulium fiber laser followed by application of 0.03% bimatoprost, 0.5% 5-fluorouracil, or 5% minoxidil. Permeation and retention were measured over 24 hours (bimatoprost and 5-fluorouracil) or 90 minutes (minoxidil), and uptake was calculated.

Results: Pretreatment with 1,927-nm thulium laser (500 MTZ/cm2; 5 mJ; 5 W) enhanced uptake and retention of bimatoprost versus untreated control at 24 hours post-treatment. Pretreatment with 1,550-nm erbium-doped glass laser (2,000 MTZ/cm2; 10 mJ; 30 W) enhanced permeation, uptake, and retention of 5-fluorouracil at 24 hours post-treatment and enhanced permeation and uptake of minoxidil at 90 minutes post-treatment.

Conclusion: Nonablative laser pretreatment may enhance topical treatment of dermatologic conditions. Device settings must be optimized to maximize topical permeation while minimizing laser-associated thermal side effects.