Bioconversion of agro-industrial residues as a protein source supplementation for multiparous Holstein Thai crossbreed cows

PLoS One. 2022 Sep 1;17(9):e0273916. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273916. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

The purpose of this field study was to compare the effects of top-dressing tropical lactating cows with soybean meal (SBM) or citric waste fermented yeast waste (CWYW) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, purine derivatives, milk production, and economic return. Sixteen mid-lactation Thai crossbreeds, Holstein Friesian (16.7 ± 0.30 kg/day milk yield and 490 ± 40.0 kg of initial body weight) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a completed randomized design: SBM as control (n = 8) or CWYW (n = 8). The feeding trial lasted for 60 days plus 21 days for treatment adaptation. The results showed that total dry matter intake, nutrient intake, and digestibility did not (p>0.05) differ between SBM and CWYW top-dressing. Ruminal pH and the protozoal population did not (p>0.05) differ between SBM and CWYW top-dressing. After 4 hours of feeding, CWYW top-dressing showed greater ammonia nitrogen, plasma urea nitrogen, and bacterial population compared with the top-dressing of SBM. Volatile fatty acids and purine derivatives were not different (p>0.05) between SBM and CWYW top-dressing. For milk urea nitrogen, there was a greater (p<0.05) and somatic cell count was lower (p<0.05) for cows fed the CWYW top-dress compared to cows fed the SBM top-dress. The cost of the top-dress and total feed cost were less (p<0.05) for CWYW compared to SBM top-dressing, at 0.59 vs 1.16 US dollars/cow/day and 4.14 vs 4.75 US dollars/cow/day, respectively. In conclusion, CWYW could be used as an alternative protein source to SBM without having a negative impact on tropical lactating cows.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animal Feed / analysis
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Digestion
  • Female
  • Fermentation
  • Glycine max / metabolism
  • Lactation*
  • Milk / metabolism
  • Nitrogen / metabolism
  • Purines / metabolism
  • Rumen* / metabolism
  • Thailand
  • Urea / metabolism

Substances

  • Purines
  • Urea
  • Nitrogen

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Animal Feed Inter Trade Co., Ltd, Thailand Science Research and Innovation (https://www.tsri.or.th) through the Research and Researcher for Industry (RRi) (http://rri.trf.or.th/bs_detail.asp) program (contract grant PHD62I0021), Research Program on the Research and Development of Winged Bean Root Utilization as Ruminant Feed, Increase Production Efficiency and Meat Quality of Native Beef and Buffalo Research Group and Research and Graduate Studies, Khon Kaen University (KKU), and Office of National Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Policy Council (https://www.nxpo.or.th/) through the Program Management Unit for Competitiveness (PMUC) (https://www.nxpo.or.th/) (contract grant C10F640078). Funders did not play any role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.