In Vitro Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Using Gamma Radiation

Anders Leung; Kaylie Tran; Jonathan Audet; Sherisse Lavineway; Nathalie Bastien; Jay Krishnan

doi:10.1177/1535676020934242

In Vitro Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Using Gamma Radiation

Appl Biosaf. 2020 Sep 1;25(3):157-160. doi: 10.1177/1535676020934242. Epub 2020 Sep 1.

Authors

Anders Leung¹, Kaylie Tran¹, Jonathan Audet¹, Sherisse Lavineway¹, Nathalie Bastien¹, Jay Krishnan¹

Affiliation

¹ National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Abstract

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is classified as a Risk Group 3 pathogen; propagative work with this live virus should be conducted in biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) laboratories. However, inactivated virus can be safely handled in BSL-2 laboratories. Gamma irradiation is one of the methods used to inactivate a variety of pathogens including viruses.

Objective: To determine the radiation dose required to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and its effect, if any, on subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

Methods: Aliquots of SARS-CoV-2 virus culture were subjected to increasing doses of gamma radiation to determine the proper dose required to inactivate the virus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data from irradiated samples was compared with that of the non-irradiated samples to assess the effect of gamma radiation on PCR assay.

Results: A radiation dose of 1 Mrad was required to completely inactivate 10^6.5 TCID₅₀/ml of SARS-CoV-2. The influence of gamma radiation on PCR sensitivity was inversely related and dose-dependent up to 0.5 Mrad with no further reduction thereafter.

Conclusion: Gamma irradiation can be used as a reliable method to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 with minimal effect on subsequent PCR assay.

Keywords: Covid; SARS-CoV-2; gamma radiation; inactivation; pandemic.