Ventilation is an effective solution for improving indoor air quality and reducing airborne transmission. Buildings need sufficient ventilation to maintain a low infection risk but also need to avoid an excessive ventilation rate, which may lead to high energy consumption. The Wells-Riley (WR) model is widely used to predict infection risk and control the ventilation rate. However, few studies compared the non-steady-state (NSS) and steady-state (SS) WR models that are used for ventilation control. To fill in this research gap, this study investigates the effects of the mechanical ventilation control strategies based on NSS/SS WR models on the required ventilation rates to prevent airborne transmission and related energy consumption. The modified NSS/SS WR models were proposed by considering many parameters that were ignored before, such as the initial quantum concentration. Based on the NSS/SS WR models, two new ventilation control strategies were proposed. A real building in Canada is used as the case study. The results indicate that under a high initial quantum concentration (e.g., 0.3 q/m3) and no protective measures, SS WR control underestimates the required ventilation rate. The ventilation energy consumption of NSS control is up to 2.5 times as high as that of the SS control.
通风是一种有效提高室内空气质量和降低疾病通过空气传播的方法。足量的通风可以降低疾病传播风险,但过量的通风会提高建筑能耗。通风策略需要兼顾这两方面。Wells-Riley(WR)模型常用于预测感染风险和控制通风。但很少有研究对比非稳态和稳态WR 模型应用在通风策略上的区别。为了填补这一空白,本文探究了基于非稳态和稳态WR 模型的通风策略对于防疫和建筑能耗的影响。首先,对常用的非稳态和稳态WR 模型进行改进。一些之前被忽略的参数被加入到WR 模型中,例如起始病毒浓度。然后,基于非稳态和稳态WR 模型,提出并对比了两种通风策略。最后,将一栋位于加拿大的建筑物选作案例进行结果展示。案例显示,当起始病毒浓度较高(0.3 q/m3)且室内人员无其他保护措施时,基于稳态WR 模型的通风策略会低估所需要的通风量。此时,非稳态WR 模型通风策略的能耗可达稳态WR 模型通风策略的2.5 倍。.
Keywords: Wells-Riley model; airborne transmission; building energy consumption; building ventilation.
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