Haemorrhagic soft-tissue sarcoma: Oncological outcomes and prognostic factors for survival

Abstract

Introduction: Haemorrhagic soft-tissue sarcomas (HSTS) are characterised by aggressive local growth and highly metastatic behaviour. We aimed to describe oncological outcomes and prognostic factors.

Materials and methods: Retrospective review including 64 patients treated with palliation (n = 7), with limb salvage surgery (LSS) (n = 9), with neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) + LSS (n = 12), with LSS + adjuvant RT (n = 30) or amputation (n = 6). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated overall survival (OS), metastasis-free survival (MFS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS). After uni- and multivariate analysis, prognostic factors affecting OS, MFS and LRFS were identified.

Results: Median age was 67 years (IQR 23 years) with median follow-up of 11 months (IQR 28 months). All cases were high grade. Eight (13%) had pulmonary metastases at presentation and another 40 (63%) developed metastases after median 9 months (IQR 19 months). Median OS was 12 months (IQR 38 months), and estimated OS after two-years was 15.9% and 52.9% for patients with and without metastatic disease at presentation, respectively. Improved OS was associated with negative resection margins (p = 0.031), RT (p = 0.045), neoadjuvant RT (versus adjuvant RT, p = 0.044) and amputation (versus LSS, p < 0.001). MFS was 35.1% after two-years. LR occurred in 18 of 51 (35.3%) patients with surgically treated localised disease. LRFS was 63.4% after two-years and significantly affected by a negative margin (p = 0.042) and RT (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Haemorrhagic soft-tissue sarcomas should be excised, either with amputation or LSS with a clear resection margin. If LSS is attempted, neoadjuvant RT reduces the risk of tumour spillage and early LR, enhances the feasibility of achieving clear resection margins, and offers superior overall survival compared to adjuvant RT.

Keywords: Haemorrhage; Prognosis; Radiotherapy; Soft tissue neoplasms; Surgical procedures; Survival rate.