Chemical characteristics analysis of automobile exhaust particles and the method for evaluating its ecological effect

Liang Cui; Hong Ni; Kun Lei; Xiangyun Gao; Xiaonan Wang; Zhengtao Liu

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136152

Chemical characteristics analysis of automobile exhaust particles and the method for evaluating its ecological effect

Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 4):136152. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136152. Epub 2022 Aug 24.

Authors

Liang Cui¹, Hong Ni², Kun Lei³, Xiangyun Gao³, Xiaonan Wang⁴, Zhengtao Liu⁵

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
² State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. Electronic address: wangxn@craes.org.cn.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. Electronic address: liuzt@craes.org.cn.

PMID: 36029867
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136152

Abstract

Automobile exhaust has become the main source of atmospheric particulate matter with the increase in the number of automobiles. Automobile exhaust particles (AEPs) discharged into the atmosphere can enter the aquatic environment through atmospheric deposition, rain runoff, leaching, drainage water and urban sewage and further affect aquatic organisms. However, there is no comprehensive theory and method to evaluate the ecological effects of AEPs on aquatic environment. The new European driving cycle (NEDC) and the world harmonized light-duty test cycle (WLTC) were used to analyze the ecotoxicity of AEPs. The SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid and sedan gasoline under WLTC were used for further analysis. The chemical characteristics of AEPs were analyzed, and the ecotoxicity of AEPs on aquatic organisms was studied with Vibrio fischeri and Danio rerio as test organisms. The ecological effect of AEPs was studied through species sensitivity distribution based on interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models. The results showed that (ⅰ) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the main organic substances in AEPs. The total concentrations of PAHs in AEPs measured under the NEDC and WLTC were 237.4 and 159.8 mg kg^-1, respectively, and the EC₅₀ values for V. fischeri measured under the NEDC and WLTC were 42.02 and 47.05 mg L^-1, respectively. (ⅱ) Total heavy metal concentrations in AEPs from SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid, and sedan gasoline were 197.52, 104.86, and 89.68 mg kg^-1, respectively, and the LC₅₀ values for D. rerio were 3.22, 4.46 and 5.62 mg L^-1. Cu and Mn were the main toxic heavy metals in AEPs. (ⅲ) The PNEC values of AEPs from SUV gasoline, SUV hybrid and sedan gasoline were 0.57, 0.83 and 1.02 mg L^-1, respectively. This exploratory study can provide technical information on water ecological safety assessment for determining the impact of AEPs on the surface water environment and for further improving automobile exhaust emission standards.

Keywords: Automobile exhaust particles; Danio rerio; Ecotoxicity; Predicted no effect concentration; Vibrio fischeri.

MeSH terms

Gasoline / analysis
Particulate Matter / analysis
Particulate Matter / toxicity
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons* / analysis
Sewage / analysis
Vehicle Emissions* / analysis
Vehicle Emissions* / toxicity
Water

Substances

Gasoline
Particulate Matter
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Sewage
Vehicle Emissions
Water