Systemic immunotherapy for the treatment of warts: A literature review

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Nov;21(11):5532-5536. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15330. Epub 2022 Aug 31.

Abstract

Background: Immunotherapy has emerged as a critical therapeutic tool for the treatment of warts. Immunotherapy for warts is currently restricted to recalcitrant lesions. A small number of regimens appear to be extremely effective. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of evidence-based research.

Objective: Furthermore, in the majority of cases, their safety and effectiveness have not been evaluated in double-blind, controlled clinical trials, making the reproducibility of many of the listed treatments difficult to analyze and a possible placebo effect difficult to rule out.

Methods: Analyzing and discussing different types of systemic immunotherapy. The different types of immunotherapy for warts are mentioned in this report.

Results: Systemic immunotherapeutic modalities commonly used in the treatment Echinacea, propolis, oral retinoids, glycyrrhizinic acid, levamisole, cimetidine, and zinc sulfate have all been reported as effective treatment modalities for different types of warts.

Conclusion: Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most important therapeutic modalities for warts. Such treatment is required not only for recalcitrant or multiple lesions, but also in the majority of treated cases.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic* / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy / adverse effects
  • Levamisole / therapeutic use
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Warts* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Levamisole