Early or Simultaneous Infection with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Inhibits Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Replication and Induces a Stronger Antiviral Response during Co-infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Yizhi Shao; Jingzhuang Zhao; Guangming Ren; Tongyan Lu; Xiaoyu Chen; Liming Xu

doi:10.3390/v14081732

Early or Simultaneous Infection with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Inhibits Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Replication and Induces a Stronger Antiviral Response during Co-infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Viruses. 2022 Aug 6;14(8):1732. doi: 10.3390/v14081732.

Authors

Yizhi Shao¹, Jingzhuang Zhao¹, Guangming Ren¹, Tongyan Lu¹, Xiaoyu Chen², Liming Xu¹

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
² Technology Center of Wuhan Customs, Wuhan 430050, China.

Abstract

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) are the most common viral diseases of salmon in aquaculture worldwide. The co-infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with IHN virus (IHNV) and IPN virus (IPNV) is known to occur. To determine the influence of IPNV on IHNV in co-infection, rainbow trout were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with IPNV at different time intervals prior to, simultaneously to, or after IHNV infection. The replication of IHNV in the brain, gill, heart, liver, spleen, and head kidney was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that when rainbow trout were i.p. injected with IPNV prior to, simultaneously to, or after IHNV on 2 day (d), IHNV replication was inhibited (p < 0.05) in all collected tissues. Nevertheless, when rainbow trout were i.p. injected with IPNV after IHNV on 7 d (H7P), IHNV replication was only inhibited (p < 0.05) in the liver 14 d post-IHNV infection. Moreover, stronger antiviral responses occurred in all challenge groups. Our results suggest that IPNV can inhibit IHNV replication before or simultaneously with IHNV infection, and induce a stronger antiviral response, and that this inhibition is most sensitive in the liver. Early i.p. injection of IPNV can significantly reduce the mortality of rainbow trout, compared with the group only injected with IHNV.

Keywords: antagonistic effect; co-infection; infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV); infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV); rainbow trout.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
Birnaviridae Infections* / veterinary
Coinfection* / veterinary
Fish Diseases*
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus*
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus* / physiology
Oncorhynchus mykiss*
Rhabdoviridae Infections* / veterinary

Substances

Antiviral Agents

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFE0115500], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [31802345], Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences [2020GH05], the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M630893 and 2019T120287], the Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation, China [LBH-Z18275].