Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease that is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. A 20-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with a history of right flank pain and lower abdominal discomfort for one day, which coincided with the onset of menses. The patient did not provide any history of premenstrual hematuria. The physical examination revealed right costovertebral angle tenderness and was otherwise unremarkable. The urinalysis demonstrated a mild increase in red and white blood cells and no ova or parasite. The blood test was normal, except for eosinophilia. A right pedunculated intraluminal urinary bladder mass was detected by the computerized axial tomographic scan and ultrasonography, and after the transurethral resection of the mass, the patient was diagnosed with urinary schistosomiasis. The patient received two doses of oral praziquantel of 1200 mg every 12 h for one day. The cure was confirmed with a one-month post-treatment follow-up that revealed a normal urine microscope and eosinophil count. The S. haematobium infection should be evaluated as a possible cause of urinary bladder lesion in those who have travelled or lived in endemic areas.
Keywords: neoplasm; praziquantel; schistosomiasis; urinary bladder.