New Therapeutic Approaches to and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg1 against Neurological Diseases

Yang Sun; Yantao Yang; Shasha Liu; Songwei Yang; Chen Chen; Meiyu Lin; Qi Zeng; Junpeng Long; Jiao Yao; Fan Yi; Lei Meng; Qidi Ai; Naihong Chen

doi:10.3390/cells11162529

New Therapeutic Approaches to and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg1 against Neurological Diseases

Cells. 2022 Aug 16;11(16):2529. doi: 10.3390/cells11162529.

Authors

Yang Sun¹, Yantao Yang¹, Shasha Liu², Songwei Yang¹, Chen Chen³, Meiyu Lin¹, Qi Zeng¹, Junpeng Long¹, Jiao Yao¹, Fan Yi⁴, Lei Meng¹, Qidi Ai¹, Naihong Chen^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
² Pharmacy Department, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China.
³ Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.

Abstract

Neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, cerebral infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, depression and, stress, have high incidence and morbidity and often lead to disability. However, there is no particularly effective medication against them. Therefore, finding drugs with a suitable efficacy, low toxicity and manageable effects to improve the quality of life of patients is an urgent problem. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is the main active component of ginseng and has a variety of pharmacological effects. In this review, we focused on the therapeutic potential of Rg1 for improving neurological diseases. We introduce the mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases, including apoptosis, neuroinflammation, the microRNA (miRNA) family, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, oxidative stress, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and learning and memory of Rg1 in neurological diseases. In addition, Rg1 can also improve neurological diseases through the interaction of different signal pathways. The purpose of this review is to explore more in-depth ideas for the clinical treatment of neurological diseases (including PD, AD, HD, stroke, cerebral infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, depression, and stress). Therefore, Rg1 is expected to become a new therapeutic method for the clinical treatment of neurological diseases.

Keywords: Rg1; ginsenoside; inflammation; oxidative stress.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cerebral Infarction / drug therapy
Ginsenosides* / pharmacology
Ginsenosides* / therapeutic use
Humans
Quality of Life
Reperfusion Injury* / drug therapy
Reperfusion Injury* / metabolism
Stroke* / drug therapy

Substances

Ginsenosides
ginsenoside Rg1

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Outstanding youth project of the Hunan Education Department (No. 21B0354); the Changsha Natural Science Foundation (No. kq2202269, kq2014091); the Hunan Natural Science Foundation (No. 2021JJ30512, 2022JJ40456); Research projects of traditional Chinese medicine in Hunan Province (No. 2021065); the Special Scientific and Technological Project for Comprehensive Utilization of Ampelopsis grossedentata Resources of Hunan Qiankun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (No. 212010); the Key Project of the Hunan University of Chinese Medicine School level Scientific Research Fund (No. 2019xjjj001); the Hunan University of Chinese Medicine First-class Disciple Construction Project of Chinese Material Medica; and the key discipline of biological engineering of the Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (2018) No. 3.