Premature aging of the immune system affects the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in β-thalassemia: role of an additional dose

Affiliations

• ¹ B-Cell Laboratory, Immunology Research Area, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
• ² Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, IRCCS, INMI L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
• ³ Center for Microcythemia, Congenital Anemia, and Iron Dysmetabolism, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
• ⁴ ForAnemia Foundation, Genoa, Italy.
• ⁵ Day Hospital della Talassemia e delle Emoglobinopatie, Dipartimento di Medicina, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
• ⁶ SSD Talassemia, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico "A. Cao", ASL8, Cagliari, Italy.
• ⁷ Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università, degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
• ⁸ Campus of Hematology Franco and Piera Cutino, AOOR Villa Sofia-V. Cervello, Palermo, Italy.
• ⁹ Laboratory of Virology, IRCCS, INMI L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
• ¹⁰ Risk Management and Biosafety Unit, IRCCS, INMI L Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
• ¹¹ Clinical Pharmacology Unit, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.
• ¹² Pharmacology & Toxicology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
• ¹³ Department of Medicine, University of Verona & AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy.
• ¹⁴ Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.