Behaviour change techniques that constitute effective planning interventions to improve physical activity and diet behaviour for people with chronic conditions: a systematic review

Hui Lin; Dongdong Xu; Min Yang; Xueping Ma; Ning Yan; Han Chen; Shilin He; Ning Deng

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058229

Behaviour change techniques that constitute effective planning interventions to improve physical activity and diet behaviour for people with chronic conditions: a systematic review

BMJ Open. 2022 Aug 22;12(8):e058229. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058229.

Authors

Hui Lin¹, Dongdong Xu¹, Min Yang², Xueping Ma³, Ning Yan³, Han Chen⁴, Shilin He⁴, Ning Deng⁵

Affiliations

¹ College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
² Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
³ Cardiac Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
⁴ Department of Information, Medical Security Center, Hainan Hospital, PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China.
⁵ College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China zju.dengning@gmail.com.

Abstract

Objectives: Action planning is a brief and effective behaviour change technique (BCT) to improve physical activity (PA) and diet behaviour (DB). This study aimed to identify critical BCTs and mechanisms of action (MoAs) to interpret the effectiveness of planning interventions based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model.

Design: Systematic review.

Data sources: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection (EBSCO), psyARTICLES and Medline were searched for studies from January 1990 to September 2021 published in English.

Eligibility criteria: Experiment involving action planning intervention to improve PA or DB in community-dwelling adult patients with chronic conditions.

Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently coded the planning interventions into BCT combinations and MoA assemblies. Outcome was dichotomised according to the statistical power and Cohen's d. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions assessment tool were used to assess the quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, respectively.

Results: From the 52 included studies, 46 BCTs were identified and linked to 21 MoAs. Long-term facilitators for planning intervention included 'self-monitoring of behaviour', 'problem solving', 'instruction on how to perform the behaviour' and 'adding objects to the environments'. The three most frequently occurring MoAs were 'intention', 'behavioural regulation', 'beliefs about capabilities'. The effective intervention groups had higher MoA scores that corresponded to the HAPA model constructs than the ineffective groups.

Conclusions: The findings from this review may inform scientific and effective planning intervention designs for community-dwelling people with chronic conditions in the future.

Prospero registration number: CRD42021241227.

Keywords: HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT; Health informatics; PUBLIC HEALTH.

Publication types

Systematic Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Behavior Therapy* / methods
Diet
Exercise*
Humans

Associated data

Dryad/10.5061/dryad.m905qfv48