MIRAGE Syndrome Enteropathy Responding to Pancrelipase Despite Normal Pancreatic Fecal Elastase: A Case Report

Am J Case Rep. 2022 Aug 22:23:e937057. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.937057.

Abstract

BACKGROUND Major findings of myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy (MIRAGE) syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the SAMD9 gene. It acts as a growth repressor expressed in the endothelial cells. Pathogenic variants in the SAMD9 gene lead to profound growth-restricting activity intrinsic to the protein, which further reduces cellular proliferation and instigates this growth-limiting condition. Gastrointestinal features include chronic diarrhea, severe diaper rash, and colonic dilatation. Until now, there has been no description of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as a possible cause of enteropathy in MIRAGE syndrome. CASE REPORT We report a case of MIRAGE syndrome affecting multiple systems in an infant who had severe enteropathy which responded well to porcine-derived pancreatic enzyme supplements despite normal pancreatic fecal elastase level. The infant is being followed up by multidisciplinary teams in our outpatient department. CONCLUSIONS Porcine-derived pancreatic enzyme is beneficial in enteropathy due to MIRAGE syndrome and is worth considering.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Insufficiency*
  • Animals
  • Endothelial Cells
  • Feces
  • Humans
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Pancreatic Elastase
  • Pancrelipase*
  • Swine

Substances

  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • SAMD9 protein, human
  • Pancrelipase
  • Pancreatic Elastase