The role of China's terrestrial carbon sequestration 2010-2060 in offsetting energy-related CO2 emissions

Yao Huang; Wenjuan Sun; Zhangcai Qin; Wen Zhang; Yongqiang Yu; Tingting Li; Qing Zhang; Guocheng Wang; Lingfei Yu; Yijie Wang; Fan Ding; Ping Zhang

doi:10.1093/nsr/nwac057

The role of China's terrestrial carbon sequestration 2010-2060 in offsetting energy-related CO₂ emissions

Natl Sci Rev. 2022 Mar 25;9(8):nwac057. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwac057. eCollection 2022 Aug.

Authors

Yao Huang¹, Wenjuan Sun¹, Zhangcai Qin², Wen Zhang³, Yongqiang Yu³, Tingting Li³, Qing Zhang³, Guocheng Wang³, Lingfei Yu¹, Yijie Wang¹, Fan Ding⁴, Ping Zhang⁵

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
² School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
⁴ College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
⁵ College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.

Abstract

Energy consumption dominates annual CO₂ emissions in China. It is essential to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions from energy consumption to reach national carbon neutrality by 2060, while the role of terrestrial carbon sequestration in offsetting energy-related CO₂ emissions cannot be underestimated. Natural climate solutions (NCS), including improvements in terrestrial carbon sequestration, represent readily deployable options to offset anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. However, the extent to which China's terrestrial carbon sequestration in the future, especially when target-oriented managements (TOMs) are implemented, can help to mitigate energy-related CO₂ emissions is far from certain. By synthesizing available findings and using several parameter-sparse empirical models that have been calibrated and/or fitted against contemporary measurements, we assessed China's terrestrial carbon sequestration over 2010-2060 and its contribution to offsetting national energy-related CO₂ emissions. We show that terrestrial C sequestration in China will increase from 0.375 ± 0.056 (mean ± standard deviation) Pg C yr^-1 in the 2010s to 0.458 ± 0.100 Pg C yr^-1 under RCP2.6 and 0.493 ± 0.108 Pg C yr^-1 under the RCP4.5 scenario in the 2050s, when TOMs are implemented. The majority of carbon sequestration comes from forest, accounting for 67.8-71.4% of the total amount. China's terrestrial ecosystems can offset 12.2-15.0% and 13.4-17.8% of energy-related peak CO₂ emissions in 2030 and 2060, respectively. The implementation of TOMs contributes 11.9% of the overall terrestrial carbon sequestration in the 2020s and 23.7% in the 2050s. The most likely strategy to maximize future NCS effectiveness is a full implementation of all applicable cost-effective NCS pathways in China. Our findings highlight the role of terrestrial carbon sequestration in offsetting energy-related CO₂ emissions and put forward future needs in the context of carbon neutrality.

Keywords: CO2 emission; carbon neutrality; energy consumption; natural climate solutions; terrestrial carbon sequestration.