Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Kanako Teramoto; Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng; Chanchal Chandramouli; Jasper Tromp; Yasuhiko Sakata; Carolyn Sp Lam

doi:10.15420/cfr.2022.06

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Card Fail Rev. 2022 Aug 4:8:e27. doi: 10.15420/cfr.2022.06. eCollection 2022 Jan.

Authors

Kanako Teramoto¹, Tiew-Hwa Katherine Teng^{1

2

3}, Chanchal Chandramouli^{1

3}, Jasper Tromp^{1

3

4}, Yasuhiko Sakata⁵, Carolyn Sp Lam^{1

3

6}

Affiliations

¹ National Heart Centre Singapore Singapore.
² School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia Perth, Australia.
³ Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School Singapore.
⁴ Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and the National University Health System Singapore.
⁵ National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Osaka, Japan.
⁶ Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Groningen Groningen, the Netherlands.

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection (HFpEF) constitutes a large and growing proportion of patients with HF around the world, and is now responsible for more than half of all HF cases in ageing societies. While classically described as a condition of elderly, hypertensive women, recent studies suggest heterogeneity in clinical phenotypes involving differential characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite a paucity of disease-modifying therapy for HFpEF, an understanding of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients with HFpEF around the world provides the foundation to recognise the clinical condition for early treatment, as well as to identify modifiable risk factors for preventive intervention. This review summarises the epidemiology of HFpEF, its common clinical features and risk factors, as well as differences by age, comorbidities, race/ethnicity and geography.

Keywords: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; cluster analysis; comorbidities; epidemiology; prognosis; risk factors; sex differences.

Publication types

Review