Relationship between serum growth differentiation factor 15, fibroblast growth factor-23 and risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ziqi Tan; Tiangang Song; Shanshan Huang; Menglu Liu; Jianyong Ma; Jing Zhang; Peng Yu; Xiao Liu

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.899667

Relationship between serum growth differentiation factor 15, fibroblast growth factor-23 and risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Aug 4:9:899667. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.899667. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Ziqi Tan¹, Tiangang Song¹, Shanshan Huang¹, Menglu Liu², Jianyong Ma³, Jing Zhang⁴, Peng Yu¹, Xiao Liu⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endocrine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
² Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
³ Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
⁵ Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

Abstract

Background and objective: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) are considered predictors of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The present meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the associations between GDF-15 and FGF-23 in the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: An electronic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases from inception until February 27, 2021. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020182226).

Results: In total, 15 studies that enrolled 36,017 participants were included. Both serum FGF-23 and GDF-15 were elevated in patients with AF. Analysis of categorical variables showed higher serum FGF-23 levels were associated with an increased risk of AF [relative risk (RR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.56]. In contrast, this association was not found with GDF-15 (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.20-4.04). In dose-response analysis, a linear positive association was noted between serum FGF-23 levels and the risk of AF (P _nonlinear = 0.9507), with a RR elevation of 7% for every 20 pg/ml increase in the serum FGF-23 levels (95% CI: 1.02-1.13). No remarkable relationship was found between serum GDF-15 levels and the risk of AF, and the overall RR for the association between a 100 ng/L increment in GDF-15 levels and AF was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.998-1.02).

Conclusion: Our study showed a positive linear correlation between serum FGF-23 levels and the risk of AF. However, no significant association was found between GDF-15 and the risk of AF. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether serum FGF-23 levels may be considered in predicting the risk of AF.Systematic Review Registration: http:www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd, identifier CRD42020182226.

Keywords: FGF-23; GDF-15; arrhythmia; atrial fibrillation; biomarker.

Publication types

Systematic Review