Stunting among kindergarten children in China in the context of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Xueyan Ma; Xiangzheng Yang; Hongzhi Yin; Yang Wang; Yuanshuo Tian; Chaojun Long; Chen Bai; Fei Dong; Zhendong Wang; Tiegang Liu; Xiaohong Gu

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.913722

Stunting among kindergarten children in China in the context of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Front Pediatr. 2022 Aug 2:10:913722. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.913722. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
² Department of Pediatrics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen, China.
³ Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
⁴ Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Background: The impact of COVID-19 has most likely increased the prevalence of stunting. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of stunting among kindergarten children in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Longgang District, Shenzhen, China, and its risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify children from 11 sub districts of 481 kindergartens in the Longgang District of Shenzhen City from May to July 2021. In the context of COVID-19, an online survey was conducted to gather demographic information, height, birth information, and lifestyle. The prevalence of stunting was calculated, and the risk factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression with three stepwise models.

Results: A total of 118,404 subjects were included from May to July 2021, with a response and questionnaire effective rates of 85.75% and 95.03%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting and severe stunting were 3.3% and 0.8%, respectively. Model 3 showed that risk factors for stunting were male sex [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07], low birth weight (OR = 2.02), insufficient sleep time (OR = 1.08), less food intake than their peers (OR = 1.66), slower eating than their peers (OR = 1.16), accompanied by grandparents alone or non-lineal relatives (reference: parents accompanying) (OR = 1.23, 1.51), and children induced to eat (OR = 1.17). Protective factors included only-child status (OR = 0.66), reported high activity (OR = 0.37, 0.26, 0.23), parents with high education levels (father: OR = 0.87, 0.69; mother: OR = 0.69, 0.58), high monthly income per capita of the family (OR = 0.88, 0.74, 0.68), and allowing children to make food choices (OR = 0.82).

Conclusion: The stunting rate of children in kindergartens in Longgang District is 3.3%, close to the level of developed countries but higher than the average level of developed cities in China. The relatively high stunting rate in children under 3 years old in 2021 may be associated with the influence of COVID-19. Appropriate policies should be formulated for individuals and families with children to help children establish good living habits and reduce stunting.

Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019; eating behavior; feeding behavior; kindergarten children; malnutrition; stunting.