Highly efficient and stable catalysts-covalent organic framework-supported palladium particles for 4-nitrophenol catalytic hydrogenation

Xin Deng; Lihua Zhu; Huan Zhang; Liqing Li; Ning Zhao; Jiexiang Wang; Sameh M Osman; Rafael Luque; Bing Hui Chen

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114027

Highly efficient and stable catalysts-covalent organic framework-supported palladium particles for 4-nitrophenol catalytic hydrogenation

Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 4):114027. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114027. Epub 2022 Aug 18.

Authors

Xin Deng¹, Lihua Zhu², Huan Zhang¹, Liqing Li³, Ning Zhao⁴, Jiexiang Wang⁵, Sameh M Osman⁶, Rafael Luque⁷, Bing Hui Chen⁸

Affiliations

¹ Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiang Xi, China.
² Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiang Xi, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China. Electronic address: lihuazhu@stu.xmu.edu.cn.
³ Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiang Xi, China. Electronic address: liliqing79@126.com.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
⁵ College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. Electronic address: jxwang@xmu.edu.cn.
⁶ Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV, Km 396, E14071, Córdoba, Spain. Electronic address: q62alsor@uco.es.
⁸ College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.

PMID: 35988829
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114027

Abstract

A covalent organic framework (COF) was used as the support of the catalyst in this work in order to obtain an environmentally friendly catalyst with high catalytic performance, selectivity and stability for 4-nitrophenol hydrogenation. Pd tiny particles are fixed in the cavity of COF to obtain Pd/COF catalysts, which has a quite narrow particle size distribution (5.09 ± 1.30 nm). As-prepared Pd/COF catalysts (Pd loading-2.11 wt%) shows excellent catalytic performance (conversion - 99.3%, selectivity >99.0% and turnover frequency (TOF)-989.4 h^-1) for 4-nitrophenol hydrogenation under relatively mild reaction conditions of reaction temperature-40 °C and reaction pressure-3.0 MPa H₂, and Pd/COF catalysts have high stability. Pd/COF catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning TEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) elemental analysis techniques to prove that the Pd nanoparticles are highly dispersed on the COF. Pd/COF catalysts have good stability and reusability hence with certain industrial application value.

Keywords: 4-Nitrophenol; Catalytic hydrogenation; Covalent organic frameworks; Pd nanoparticles.