Symptoms are currently used as testing indicators for SARS-CoV-2 in England. In this study, we analysed national contact tracing data for England (NHS Test and Trace) for the period 1 December to 28 December 2021 to explore symptom differences between the variants, Delta and Omicron. We found that at least one of the symptoms currently used as indicators (fever, cough and loss of smell and taste) were reported in 61.5% of Omicron cases and 72.2% in Delta cases, suggesting that these symptoms are less predictive of Omicron infections. Nearly 40% of Omicron infections did not report any of the three key indicative symptoms, reinforcing the importance of the entire spectrum of symptoms for targeted testing. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, fever and cough were more commonly associated with Omicron infections compared to Delta, showing the importance of considering age and vaccination status when assessing symptom profiles. Sore throat was also more commonly reported in Omicron infections, and loss of smell and taste more commonly reported in Delta infections. Our study shows the value of continued monitoring of symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2, as changes may influence the effectiveness of testing policy and case ascertainment approaches.
Keywords: COVID-19; Contact tracing; Delta variant (B.1.617.2); Omicron variant (B.1.1.529); SARS-CoV-2; symptoms.