Enlarged perivascular spaces and white matter hyperintensities in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes

Ming-Liang Wang; Zheng Sun; Wen-Bin Li; Qiao-Qiao Zou; Peng-Yang Li; Xue Wu; Yue-Hua Li; 4-Repeat Tau Neuroimaging Initiative and the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.923193

Enlarged perivascular spaces and white matter hyperintensities in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes

Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Jul 28:14:923193. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.923193. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Ming-Liang Wang¹, Zheng Sun¹, Wen-Bin Li¹, Qiao-Qiao Zou¹, Peng-Yang Li², Xue Wu³, Yue-Hua Li¹; 4-Repeat Tau Neuroimaging Initiative and the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
² Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
³ Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution characteristics of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and their associations with disease severity across the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) syndromes spectrum.

Methods: This study included 73 controls, 39 progressive supranuclear palsy Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS), 31 corticobasal syndrome (CBS), 47 behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 36 non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), and 50 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). All subjects had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological tests, including progressive supranuclear palsy rating scale (PSPRS) and FTLD modified clinical dementia rating sum of boxes (FTLD-CDR). EPVS number and grade were rated on MRI in the centrum semiovale (CSO-EPVS), basal ganglia (BG-EPVS), and brain stem (BS-EPVS). Periventricular (PWMH) and deep (DWMH) were also graded on MRI. The distribution characteristics of EPVS and WMH were compared between control and disease groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of EPVS and WMH with disease severity.

Results: Compared with control subjects, PSP-RS and CBS had more BS-EPVS; CBS, bvFTD, and nfvPPA had less CSO-EPVS; all disease groups except CBS had higher PWMH (p < 0.05). BS-EPVS was associated with PSPRS in PSP-RS (β = 2.395, 95% CI 0.888-3.901) and CBS (β = 3.115, 95% CI 1.584-4.647). PWMH was associated with FTLD-CDR in bvFTD (β = 1.823, 95% CI 0.752-2.895), nfvPPA (β = 0.971, 95% CI 0.030-1.912), and svPPA (OR: 1.330, 95% CI 0.457-2.204).

Conclusion: BS-EPVS could be a promising indicator of disease severity in PSP-RS and CBS, while PWMH could reflect the severity of bvFTD, nfvPPA, and svPPA.

Keywords: CBS; PSP-RS; bvFTD; enlarged perivascular spaces; nfvPPA; svPPA; white matter hyperintensities.