Biomimetic Total Synthesis of (+)-Nocardioazine B and Analogs

J Org Chem. 2022 Sep 2;87(17):11519-11533. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01120. Epub 2022 Aug 12.

Abstract

Nocardioazines A and B are prenylated, bioactive pyrroloindoline natural products, isolated from Nocardiopsis, with a desymmetrized cyclo-d-Trp-d-Trp DKP core. Based on our deeper biosynthetic understanding, a biomimetic total synthesis of (+)-nocardioazine B is accomplished in merely seven steps and 23.2% overall yield. This pathway accesses regio- and stereoselectively C3-isoprenylated analogs of (+)-nocardioazine B, using the same number of steps and in similar efficiency. The successful strategy mandated that the biomimetic C3-prenylation step be executed early. The use of an unprotected carboxylic acid of Trp led to high diastereoselectivity toward formation of key intermediates exo-12a, exo-12b, and exo-12c (>19:1). Evidence shows that N1-methylation causes the prenylation reaction to bifurcate away to result in a C2-normal-prenylated isomer. Nocardioazine A, possessing an isoprenoidal-epoxide bridge, inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated membrane efflux, in multidrug-resistant mammalian colon cancer cells. As several P-gp inhibitors have failed due to their toxicity effects, endogenous amino-acid-derived noncytotoxic inhibitors (from the nocardioazine core) are worthy leads toward a rejuvenated strategy against resistant carcinomas. This total synthesis provides direct access to Trp-derived isoprenylated DKP natural products and their derivatives.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Biological Products* / pharmacology
  • Biomimetics*
  • Diketopiperazines
  • Prenylation

Substances

  • Biological Products
  • Diketopiperazines
  • nocardioazine B