Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathological condition characterised by symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction and eosinophilic inflammation. The EoE incidence is increasing rapidly as described in this review. In Denmark, EoE among children is significantly underdiagnosed. Untreated EoE is associated with low quality of life, and development of complications. EoE is effectively treated with proton pump inhibitors, diet, or topical corticosteroids. However, evaluation of the treatment response requires histological samples, since conflicting symptoms and histology is observed in 40%.