Trajectory of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with cardiovascular disease

Shih-Wei Wang; Lung-Chih Li; Chung-Ming Fu; Yueh-Ting Lee; Hsiao-Ching Kuo; Chien-Ning Hsu

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.887915

Trajectory of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with cardiovascular disease

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jul 26:9:887915. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.887915. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Shih-Wei Wang^{1

2}, Lung-Chih Li^{3

4}, Chung-Ming Fu³, Yueh-Ting Lee³, Hsiao-Ching Kuo¹, Chien-Ning Hsu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
² School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
³ Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
⁴ Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Abstract

Background: The role of longitudinal temporal trends in LDL-C in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes is unclear. This study categorized the long-term LDL-C trajectory and determined its association with the incidence of atherosclerotic CVD in patients with CKD according to diabetes status and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Methods: The risk of atherosclerotic CVD was estimated in 137,127 Taiwanese patients with CKD using six LDL-C trajectory classes determined by the latent class mixed model as optimal, near optimal, above optimal, borderline, sustained high, and declined high over 5 years.

Results: The risk of CVD was higher in the sustained high LDL-C [>160 mg/dL over time; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.45-1.94], declined high LDL-C (>160 to <100 mg/dL; aHR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.11-1.38), and borderline LDL-C (approximately 140 mg/dL over time; aHR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07-1.26) groups than in the optimal LDL-C group (<100 mg/dL over time). There was no such association in patients with an eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m². Persistent diabetes was associated with a 1.15-2.47-fold increase in CVD in patients with high LDL-C (>120 mg/dL).

Conclusion: The LDL-C trajectory pattern was associated with the phenotype of CVD risk. The degree of risk varied according to eGFR and diabetes status. A stable low LDL-C over time was potentially beneficial for prevention of CVD. Intensive lipid management and periodic assessment of LDL-C is essential to reduce the risk of CVD in patients with CKD and diabetes.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; diabetes; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); trajectory.