Indirect repair of saliva-contaminated materials using veneering ceramics

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the in vitro efficacy of a surface conditioning liquid facilitating ceramic repairs of saliva-contaminated metal-ceramic and all-ceramic restorations.

Materials and methods: Specimens constructed from nonprecious alloy (NPA), precious alloy (PA), lithium-disilicate (LD), zirconia (ZI), veneering ceramics for zirconia (VZI), veneering ceramics for lithium-disilicate (VLD), and veneering ceramics for metal alloys (VM) were manufactured (total: n = 168; each material n = 24). Veneering ceramic cylinders (thickness: 2 mm) were hand-layered on top of the specimens. Shear bond strength (SBS) tests were performed, measuring the maximum bond strength (MBS) of the cylinders on the specimens. Following this, the specimens were artificially aged and stored in artificial saliva for 30 days at 37°C. After physical cleaning using aluminum oxide air abrasion, a new surface conditioning liquid was applied (test, n = 84) or not (control, n = 84). New ceramic cylinders were hand-layered followed by a second SBS test. Descriptive statistics, linear regression analyses, and a one-sample t-test (α = 0.05) were used to ascertain the differences within (prerepair vs. postrepair) and between the groups.

Results: All specimens in the test group could be repaired, whereas 18 repairs in the control group failed. After the repairs, an MBS decrease was observed for the NPA specimens of the control group (-15.5 MPa, p = 0.004) but not among any of the test groups. Comparing the change in MBS between the test and control groups, the reduction was significantly higher in the repaired NPA specimens of the control group (mean difference 11.8 MPa, p = 0.017).

Conclusions: Using the analyzed surface conditioning liquid, metal-ceramic and all-ceramic materials can be repaired, while some repairs failed without the liquid. The initial bond strengths between core and veneering materials could be restored in all specimens when the new surface conditioning liquid was applied.

Keywords: artificial aging; bond strength; ceramics; chipping; dental prosthesis; veneer.