The effects of some natural products compared to synthetic products on the metabolic activity, proliferation, viability, migration, and wound healing in sheep tenocytes

Abd Al-Rahman Salem Al-Shudiefat; Jihad Am Alzyoud; Saleh A Al Najjar; Seham Talat; Yasser Bustanji; Bashaer Abu-Irmaileh

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103391

The effects of some natural products compared to synthetic products on the metabolic activity, proliferation, viability, migration, and wound healing in sheep tenocytes

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Sep;29(9):103391. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103391. Epub 2022 Jul 22.

Authors

Abd Al-Rahman Salem Al-Shudiefat¹, Jihad Am Alzyoud², Saleh A Al Najjar³, Seham Talat⁴, Yasser Bustanji^{5

6}, Bashaer Abu-Irmaileh⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical, Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
² Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
³ Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
⁴ Department of Medical laboratory Sciences , College of science, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan.
⁵ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
⁶ School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
⁷ Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.

Abstract

Background: Tendinopathy or tendon injuries can affect many people, causing a huge impact on their movements and maintaining standing posture. Treatment options include physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, and alternative medicine. The use of physiotherapy or anti-inflammatory drugs may cause some side effects like pain and liver failure, respectively, therefore, alternative medicine will be a better choice.

Method: Tenocytes were isolated from sheep Achilles tendon and used in Alamar blue assay to assess the metabolic activity, proliferation, and viability of tenocytes over 24 hrs. and 48 hrs., using natural and synthetic products [i.e., olive oil, oleic acid, corn oil, Inula viscosa oil, Inula viscosa extract, Nigella sativa oil, naproxen sodium, and paracetamol and LED photobiomodulation]. Furthermore, tenocytes viability was assessed by FDA/PI stain. For migration and healing of a wound, the scratch assay was used.

Results: Alamar blue assay over 24 hrs. showed that Nigella sativa oil increased the metabolic activity, proliferation, and viability of tenocytes significantly, while Alamar blue over 48 hrs. showed that oleic acid, LED, and their combination increased these parameters for tenocytes significantly. Olive oil increased the viability of tenocytes significantly using FDA/PI stains. Scratch assay revealed that Inula viscosa oil, Inula viscosa extract, and paracetamol increased tenocyte migration and healing significantly.

Conclusion: Nigella sativa oil, olive oil, oleic acid, Inula viscosa oil, and Inula viscosa extract may be used as an alternative therapy for tendinopathy with less side effects.

Keywords: Alamar blue assay; Alternative medicine; FDA-PI stains; Healing; Scratch assay; Tendinopathy.