Animal-assisted activities in the intensive care unit: A scoping review

Abstract

Background: Animal-assisted activities have demonstrated benefits for patients and clinicians in acute care settings. However, concern exists regarding the use of animal-assisted activities in intensive care settings.

Aim: To synthesise research evidence on animal-assisted activities in intensive care units.

Methods: A scoping review of research literature published in English was undertaken. In May 2021, five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and PSYCInfo) were systematically searched. Title, abstract and then full text screening was undertaken independently by the research team.

Results: Six primary research studies were identified from the 1190 records screened. All six studies were of a feasibility or observational study design, with five of the studies published in the last three years, highlighting the emerging evidence base for this practice. This scoping review synthesises the key characteristics of animal-assisted activities in intensive care units, including risk mitigation strategies. Strong satisfaction with and support for animal-assisted activities was reported by patients, family members and clinicians. However, studies reporting biophysical outcomes were inconclusive due to small sample sizes.

Conclusions: Evidence supporting animal-assisted activities in intensive care units remains largely anecdotal. Further research is required to ascertain the feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness and effectiveness of animal-assisted activities for improving patient outcomes, and family members and intensive care clinicians' wellness.

Keywords: Animal Assisted Therapy; Critical Care; Critical Care Nursing; Family members; Intensive Care; Scoping Review.