Ecological Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors of Heavy-Metal Leaching From Coal-Based Solid Waste Fly Ash

Zhiguo Zhang; Weiqing Cai; Youbiao Hu; Ke Yang; Yonghong Zheng; Chao Fang; Chengnan Ma; Yuning Tan

doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.932133

Ecological Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors of Heavy-Metal Leaching From Coal-Based Solid Waste Fly Ash

Front Chem. 2022 Jul 22:10:932133. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.932133. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Zhiguo Zhang^{1

2}, Weiqing Cai¹, Youbiao Hu¹, Ke Yang^{2

3}, Yonghong Zheng^{1

2

4}, Chao Fang¹, Chengnan Ma¹, Yuning Tan¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.
² Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.
⁴ National Engineering Laboratory for Protection of Colliery Eco-environment, Huainan, China.

Abstract

In order to promote and broaden the utilization of fly ash as a resource, the fly ash from a 2,660-MW coal-fired power plant in Huainan (China) was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of fly ash were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, and XRD. The content and different forms of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, and Ni were determined by acid digestion, oscillation leaching, and Tessier five-step extraction. The effect of pH, temperature, and particle size on the leached amount of heavy metals was studied. Finally, the ecological risk index was calculated for each heavy metal via the risk assessment coding (RAC) method and Hakanson ecological risk assessment method, allowing the ecological risk of fly ash to be determined under different environmental conditions. Results showed that the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni were all below the risk screening values reported for environmental pollutants (pH > 7.5). Under varying pH, temperature, and particle size conditions, the leached amounts (oscillation leaching) were below the soil risk screening values for agricultural land in China. An RAC-Cd value of >50% indicates a high ecological risk, while the RAC values of Co and Ni were between 10 and 30%, indicating a medium ecological risk, and the RAC values of Cr and Cu were <10%, indicating a low ecological risk. With increasing pH, the potential ecological risk index (RI) decreased, with a maximum RI of 59.62 observed at pH 2.8. With increasing temperature, the potential ecological RI increased initially to a maximum of 27.69 at 25°C and then decreased thereafter. With increasing particle size, the ecological RI decreased, with the highest RI of 4.06 occurring at <0.075 mm. The Hakanson ecological RI value was below 150, indicating a slight ecological risk. Therefore, fly ash can be considered as a soil additive and conditioner that is suitable for use in the improvement of reclamation soil in coal mining subsidence areas.

Keywords: coal-based solid waste; fly ash; heavy metals; leaching content; risk assessment.