Continuous Three-Dimensional Printing of Architected Piezoelectric Sensors in Minutes

Siying Liu; Wenbo Wang; Weiheng Xu; Luyang Liu; Wenlong Zhang; Kenan Song; Xiangfan Chen

doi:10.34133/2022/9790307

Continuous Three-Dimensional Printing of Architected Piezoelectric Sensors in Minutes

Research (Wash D C). 2022 Jul 11:2022:9790307. doi: 10.34133/2022/9790307. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Siying Liu^{1

2

3}, Wenbo Wang^{1

2}, Weiheng Xu^{1

2}, Luyang Liu^{1

2}, Wenlong Zhang^{1

2}, Kenan Song^{1

2}, Xiangfan Chen^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
² The Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
³ School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is thriving as an effective and robust method in fabricating architected piezoelectric structures, yet most of the commonly adopted printing techniques often face the inherent speed-accuracy trade-off, limiting their speed in manufacturing sophisticated parts containing micro-/nanoscale features. Herein, stabilized, photo-curable resins comprising chemically functionalized piezoelectric nanoparticles (PiezoNPs) were formulated, from which microscale architected 3D piezoelectric structures were printed continuously via micro continuous liquid interface production (μCLIP) at speeds of up to ~60 μm s^-1, which are more than 10 times faster than the previously reported stereolithography-based works. The 3D-printed functionalized barium titanate (f-BTO) composites reveal a bulk piezoelectric charge constant d ₃₃ of 27.70 pC N^-1 with the 30 wt% f-BTO. Moreover, rationally designed lattice structures that manifested enhanced, tailorable piezoelectric sensing performance as well as mechanical flexibility were tested and explored in diverse flexible and wearable self-powered sensing applications, e.g., motion recognition and respiratory monitoring.