Catalytic potential of a fungal indole prenyltransferase toward β-carbolines, harmine and harman, and their prenylation effects on antibacterial activity

Abstract

The prenylation of compounds has attracted much attention, since it often adds bioactivity to non-prenylated compounds. We employed an enzyme assay with CdpNPT, an indole prenyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatus with two naturally occurring β-carbolines, harmine (3) and harman (4) as prenyl acceptors, in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as the prenyl donor. The enzyme accepted these two prenyl acceptor substrates to produce 6-(3',3'-dimethylallyl)harmine (5) from 3 and 9-(3',3'-dimethylallyl)harman (6) and 6-(3',3'-dimethylallyl)harman (7) from 4. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of the CdpNPT (38-440) truncated mutant complexed with 4, and docking simulation studies of DMAPP to the crystal structure of the CdpNPT (38-440) mutant, suggested that CdpNPT could employ the two-step prenylation mechanism to produce 7, while the enzyme produced 6 with either one- or two-step prenylation mechanisms. Furthermore, the antibacterial assays revealed that the 3',3'-dimethylallylation of 3 and 4, as well as harmol (1), at C-6 enhanced the activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

Keywords: Harman; Harmine; Indole prenyltransferase; Prenylation; β-Carboline.