Purpose –: The purpose of this study is to examine cross-sectional associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health among police officers.
Design/methodology/approach –: The sample was from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study data (132 male and 51 female officers). Standardized surveys were administered to participants. Regression coefficients were obtained from models adjusted for age, sex, race and alcohol intake. All statistical tests were performed using a statistical significance level at p < 0.05.
Findings –: Regression analyses showed significant positive associations between ACEs and mental health (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD]: β = 1.70, p < 0.001 and depressive symptoms: β = 1.29, p < 0.001). Resiliency significantly modified the association between ACEs and PTSD. A positive and significant association was observed among officers with lower resiliency (β = 2.65, p < 0.001). The association between ACEs and PTSD was stronger among male officers compared to females (β = 2.66, p < 0.001 vs. β = 0.59, p ≤ 0.248, respectively).
Research limitations/implications –: Child abuse and development of PTSD or depression could not be traced through time as this was a cross-sectional study. Recall bias may affect results.
Practical implications –: PTSD and depression associated with ACEs can affect the interpretation of threat and can exacerbate emotional regulation in officers. An inquiry should be expanded regarding work assignments of victimized officers, such as child exploitation and pornography investigation.
Originality/value –: There are few studies on ACEs and the mental health of police officers. The present study is among the first to associate multiple police mental health issues with ACEs.
Keywords: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE); Depressive symptoms; Hopelessness; Law enforcement; PTSD; Resiliency.