Citicoline Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized, Single-Blind TMS Study

Enrico Premi; Valentina Cantoni; Alberto Benussi; Nicola Gilberti; Veronica Vergani; Ilenia Delrio; Massimo Gamba; Raffaella Spezi; Angelo Costa; Alessandro Padovani; Barbara Borroni; Mauro Magoni

doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.915362

Citicoline Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized, Single-Blind TMS Study

Front Neurol. 2022 Jul 13:13:915362. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.915362. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Enrico Premi¹, Valentina Cantoni^{2

3}, Alberto Benussi^{2

4}, Nicola Gilberti¹, Veronica Vergani¹, Ilenia Delrio¹, Massimo Gamba¹, Raffaella Spezi¹, Angelo Costa¹, Alessandro Padovani^{2

4}, Barbara Borroni^{2

4}, Mauro Magoni¹

Affiliations

¹ Stroke Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
² Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
³ Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
⁴ Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.

Abstract

Background: Recent research on animal models of ischemic stroke supports the idea that pharmacological treatment potentially enhancing intrinsic brain plasticity could modulate acute brain damage, with improved functional recovery. One of these new drugs is citicoline, which could provide neurovascular protection and repair effects.

Objectives: The objective of this randomized, single-blind experimental study was to evaluate whether the treatment with Rischiaril^® Forte was able to restore intracortical excitability measures, evaluated through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols, in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited and assigned to an eight-week therapy of standard treatment (control group - CG) or CDP-choline (Rischiaril^® Forte, containing 1,000 mg of citicoline sodium salt) added to conventional treatment (treatment group - TG). Each subject underwent a clinical evaluation and neurophysiological assessment using TMS, pretretament and posttreatment.

Results: A total of thirty participants (mean [SD] age, 68.1 [9.6] years; 11 women [37%]) completed the study. We did not observe significant changes in clinical scores after CDP-choline treatment (all p > 0.05), but we observed a significant improvement in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SAI) (p = 0.003) in the TG group compared to the CG group.

Conclusions: The eight-week treatment with citicoline after acute ischemic stroke may restore intracortical excitability measures, which partially depends on cholinergic transmission. This study extends current knowledge of the application of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke.

Keywords: cholinergic system (CS); citicoline; short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI); stroke; transcranial magnetic stimulation.