1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Institute for the Future, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of.
3 Faculty of Economics and Business, Access to Medicine Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
4 Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
5 Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
6 Dar es Salaam Urban Cohort Study, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of.
7 Department of Behavioural Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of.
8 Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
9 Department of Business Studies, Mzumbe University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of.
10 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of.
11 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Institute for the Future, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium annemie.vandamme@kuleuven.be.
12 Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.